About Us. Since our origin in 1850 the Wagner Companies has been dedicated and committed to creating and manufacturing innovative metal products for the fabricating industry in an atmosphere that is prosperous for our customers and employees. Our mission is to maintain the highest standard of quality and service, and continuously improve our ...R & B Wagner is located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Who are R & B Wagner 's competitors? Alternatives and possible competitors to R & B Wagner may include Nour Trading House , Woolf Distributing , and FrontLine Bldg. Products . The three facilities of R & B Wagner, Inc. in Wisconsin move to one central location – 10600 West Brown Deer Road on Milwaukee’s north side. 2001: R & B Wagner, Inc., J.G. Braun Co., Advance Stamping Co. Inc., Johann Tube and Pipe Benders, Inc. and Wagner Ornamental combine to form one legal entity – R & B Wagner, Inc. 1997Jun 29, 2023 · 15% of R & B Wagner employees are women, while 85% are men. The most common ethnicity at R & B Wagner is White (71%). 13% of R & B Wagner employees are Hispanic or Latino. 9% of R & B Wagner employees are Asian. The average employee at R & B Wagner makes $0 per year. Employees at R & B Wagner stay with the company for 4.2 years on average. Aug 7, 2023 · 332996 Fabricated Pipe & Pipe Fitting Manufacturing. Address. Po Box 423. Butler, WI 53007. wagnercompanies.com. Note: Revenues for privately held companies are statistical evaluations. R & B Wagner's annual revenues are $10-$50 million (see exact revenue data) and has 100-500 employees. It is classified as operating in the Saw Blade & Handtool ... Wagner offers Ultra-tec ® Cable Railing Systems with great sight lines and a sleek stainless steel design. These cable railings provide great aesthetics and flexibility in any setting – indoors or out – whether running horizontally or vertically. Each cable railings’ hardware components come in various sizes and material choices that are ...Wagner Stainless Steel Post Mount Handrail Bracket, 2-1/2" From Post to Center of Handrail, Brushed Satin Finish Weight : 0.68 LB. QUICK ... ©2020 R&B Wagner, Inc.15% of R & B Wagner employees are women, while 85% are men. The most common ethnicity at R & B Wagner is White (71%). 13% of R & B Wagner employees are Hispanic or Latino. 9% of R & B Wagner employees are Asian. The average employee at R & B Wagner makes $0 per year. Employees at R & B Wagner stay with the company for 4.2 years on average.10 R & B Wagner jobs available on Indeed.com. Apply to Quality Technician, Customer Service Representative, Bender-a and more!Wall Mounted Handrail Brackets. Our wall mount handrail brackets are available in aluminum, steel and stainless steel, and come in a variety of finishes to meet the needs of your project. Brackets are available with one-, two- or three-hole mounting options. Snap-on covers can be purchased to cover mounting hardware for a cleaner look.Wagner Stamped Steel Side Outlet Elbow For 1-1/4" Pipe (1.66" Diameter) Best suited for welded applications. Plain, Unfinished ... ©2020 R&B Wagner, Inc. Wagner Careers. Thank you for visiting our job opportunities page. If you would like to submit your resume for a possibility to join Wagner in an exciting career, please submit a cover letter and resume to our Human Resources team at: [email protected]. We are an Equal Opportunity Drug Testing Employer.Innovative Architectural Railing Systems. Our rail systems combine style and sophistication with quality and durability. We carry a range of contemporary metal railing systems for interior and exterior applications including: Glass Railing, Cable Railing and Illuminated Lighted Railing.Item #: G3418. Manufacturer : Wagner. | WRITE A REVIEW. Wagner Stamped Steel Handrail Bracket, Style B, With a Projection of 2-1/2" From Wall To Center of Handrail With One 7/16" Mounting Hole, Galvanized Finish. Your Name: 'Your Name' is required. 'Your Name' can have only Characters. Your Email:Wagner offers multiple ETL listed options for both 24VDC power supplies and NEMA enclosures. Quantities and types will be configured based on your specifications and design. Additional specification options are available by request. Not all options apply to all products, please verify compatibility with the factory.3418: Handrail Bracket. Wagner Style B, Stamped Steel Handrail Bracket With a Projection of 2-1/2" From Wall To Center of Handrail with One 7/16" Mounting Hole. Plain, unfinished. 'Your Name' is required.We offer a wide variety of round, square, tapered and snap-on surface mount flanges to ensure we have the perfect component for your railing installation. These flanges come in aluminum, steel and stainless steel, and are stocked in various finishes. Some of our flanges are ornamental, so please read the item description thoroughly before ... Wagner Stamped Steel 90 degree Elbow for 1-1/4" Pipe (1.66" Diameter) with a 1" Inside Radius. Best suited for welded applications. Plain, unfinished. section a-a a a pa rt numbe rev finish date drawn name size material weight rjf 11/12/2015 ductile iron astm a536 65-45-12 1766 5 2.50" traditional cast handrail bracketSplice-Lock™ Connectors. Available in steel, aluminum alloy 3003 and stainless steel type 304. Splice-Locks™ are designed for the alignment of handrail sections and as expansion joints. They are most effective as a joint stiffener when used within 12" of a welded post or handrail bracket. The screw hole is threaded into the connector and ... Wagner Stamped Steel 90 degree Elbow for 1-1/4" Pipe (1.66" Diameter) with a 1/8" Inside Radius. Best suited for welded applications. Plain, unfinished.R & B WAGNER, INC. CAGE CODE 00BP6. Inc. R & B Wagner has a registered in the System for Award Management for doing business with and bidding for contracts by the United States government. Cage Code 00BP6 was listed as their unique company identifier.10 R & B Wagner jobs available on Indeed.com. Apply to Quality Technician, Customer Service Representative, Bender-a and more!3418: Handrail Bracket. Wagner Style B, Stamped Steel Handrail Bracket With a Projection of 2-1/2" From Wall To Center of Handrail with One 7/16" Mounting Hole. Plain, unfinished. 'Your Name' is required. 332996 Fabricated Pipe & Pipe Fitting Manufacturing. Address. Po Box 423. Butler, WI 53007. wagnercompanies.com. Note: Revenues for privately held companies are statistical evaluations. R & B Wagner's annual revenues are $10-$50 million (see exact revenue data) and has 100-500 employees. It is classified as operating in the Saw Blade & Handtool ...R & B Wagner. po box 423, Butler, Wisconsin 53007, United States332996 Fabricated Pipe & Pipe Fitting Manufacturing. Address. Po Box 423. Butler, WI 53007. wagnercompanies.com. Note: Revenues for privately held companies are statistical evaluations. R & B Wagner's annual revenues are $10-$50 million (see exact revenue data) and has 100-500 employees. It is classified as operating in the Saw Blade & Handtool ...Find the latest information or get help on railings or other products and services from The Wagner Companies. Wagner offers multiple ETL listed options for both 24VDC power supplies and NEMA enclosures. Quantities and types will be configured based on your specifications and design. Additional specification options are available by request. Not all options apply to all products, please verify compatibility with the factory.Currently CEO and Board Chairman at R&B Wagner, Robert Wagner has held almost every other position at the company. R&B Wagner traces its roots in Milwaukee to the arrival of ironworker Julius Wagner in Milwaukee in 1870. Besides recently celebrating the 60th company anniversary, he announced that Wagner has become an ESOP (an employee stock ownership plan is an employee-owner program that ...©2020 R&B Wagner, Inc. Our site is best viewed in Chrome or IE11+ ... Aluminum Handrail & Railing Solutions. Aluminum handrail (non-weld pipe) is specifically designed to allow a railing installation to utilize all of the advantages of aluminum; where strength, durability and no-paint maintenance is a key factor. Wagner’s handrail solutions are made using the highest quality aluminum extrusions and castings and ... R & B Wagner is pleased to announce a new partnership for our industrial business unit with H.O. Keuper Inc. H.O. Keuper Inc. is a custom manufacturing representative company who has served the Midwest region for over 65 years. Operated by three sales representatives, the Wisconsin based company covers northern Illinois, northern Indiana, Iowa ...Sep 3, 2020 · R&B Wagner determined the acquisition of ENPROCON's various assets would fit well with its manufacturing capabilities and drive further growth opportunities for R&B Wagner. "ENPROCON's ENDURALL brand is a perfect fit for who R&B Wagner is today and where we want to go in the future," said R&B Wagner's President, Michael Dover. R & B WAGNER, INC. CAGE CODE 00BP6. Inc. R & B Wagner has a registered in the System for Award Management for doing business with and bidding for contracts by the United States government. Cage Code 00BP6 was listed as their unique company identifier.Contact the Wagner Companies today with questions about your next architectural solution or railings project and your specific application.View and Download Wagner Catalogs. Wagner Product Catalog. PanelGrip®/Legato TM /Level Lock™Railing Collection. ... ©2020 The Wagner Companies, R&B Wagner, Inc ... Wagner Careers. Thank you for visiting our job opportunities page. If you would like to submit your resume for a possibility to join Wagner in an exciting career, please submit a cover letter and resume to our Human Resources team at: [email protected]. We are an Equal Opportunity Drug Testing Employer.Wagner Stamped Steel, Single Splice-Lock, non-weld Splice connector For 1-1/4" Schedule 40 Pipe (1.66" Diameter With .140" Wall), KitAbout Us. Since our origin in 1850 the Wagner Companies has been dedicated and committed to creating and manufacturing innovative metal products for the fabricating industry in an atmosphere that is prosperous for our customers and employees. Our mission is to maintain the highest standard of quality and service, and continuously improve our ...Wagner Careers. Thank you for visiting our job opportunities page. If you would like to submit your resume for a possibility to join Wagner in an exciting career, please submit a cover letter and resume to our Human Resources team at: [email protected]. We are an Equal Opportunity Drug Testing Employer.About Us. Since our origin in 1850 the Wagner Companies has been dedicated and committed to creating and manufacturing innovative metal products for the fabricating industry in an atmosphere that is prosperous for our customers and employees. Our mission is to maintain the highest standard of quality and service, and continuously improve our ... 2. Enter the User Name and email address you've always used with Wagner. 3. We'll send you a new, temporary password immediately so you can shop right away. 4. Feel free to change your password to something more familiar once you've logged in. If you have any trouble, please contact our customer service department at 1-888-243-6914 and we'll be ... R&B Wagner makes one payment to a secured account to cover the total amount of taxes owed, and Avalara takes care of making individual payments. Streamlined document management Dave worked with R&B Wagner's dedicated Avalara account manager to set up CertCapture on online sales forms so customers could load their own exemption certificates.Wagner has been defining global railing and handrail industry standards for decades. Working with thousands of customers over the years, we have been recognized as a reliable source for high-quality, code-compliant handrail and innovative railing solutions along with custom metal fabrication services & contract metal manufacturing.Wagner Careers. Thank you for visiting our job opportunities page. If you would like to submit your resume for a possibility to join Wagner in an exciting career, please submit a cover letter and resume to our Human Resources team at: [email protected]. We are an Equal Opportunity Drug Testing Employer.RB14025: Handrail Bracket. Item #: RB14025. Manufacturer : Wagner. | WRITE A REVIEW. Wagner Steel Wall Mount Handrail Bracket, 5/8" Diameter 90 Degree Bar Bend, With a Projection of 2-1/2" From Wall To Center of Handrail, With Three Counter Sunk Mounting Holes, Unfinished. Your Name:R & B Wagner, Inc. Company Profile | Milwaukee, WI | Competitors, Financials & Contacts - Dun & Bradstreet HOME / BUSINESS DIRECTORY / MANUFACTURING / FABRICATED METAL PRODUCT MANUFACTURING / OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCT MANUFACTURING / UNITED STATES / WISCONSIN / MILWAUKEE / R & B Wagner, Inc. R & B Wagner, Inc. WebsiteRichard Wagner, German dramatic composer and theorist whose operas and music had a revolutionary influence on the course of Western music, either by extension of his discoveries or reaction against them. Among his major works are Tristan und Isolde (1865), Parsifal (1882), and The Ring of the Nibelung (1869–76).We offer a wide variety of round, square, tapered and snap-on surface mount flanges to ensure we have the perfect component for your railing installation. These flanges come in aluminum, steel and stainless steel, and are stocked in various finishes. Some of our flanges are ornamental, so please read the item description thoroughly before ...Building on a 165 year legacy, Wagner is an authority and industry leader in metal fabricating and architectural railings. Our expertise and engineering capabilities are sought after by architects and builders around the globe. More than just a manufacturer and worldwide supplier, our niche focus and local market knowledge enable us to innovate ... Use 107th Street Entrance Just North of Brown Deer Rd. Milwaukee, WI 53224. Toll Free Phone: 1-888-243-6914. Local: 1-414-214-0444. Fax: 1-414-214-0450.Wagner Stamped Steel 90 degree Elbow for 1-1/4" Pipe (1.66" Diameter) with a 1" Inside Radius. Best suited for welded applications. Plain, unfinished. R & B Wagner, Inc. CLAIM THIS BUSINESS. 10600 W BROWN DEER RD MILWAUKEE, WI 53224 Get Directions. (414) 214-0444. www.wagnercompanies.com.Handrail Fittings. Lamb's Tongues, Lateral Scrolls, volutes and other terminal end pieces for handrail. 61 Item (s) Show: Per Page Sort by: Previous | Next Page 1 of 4. Add To Compare. 11874. Beveled, Lamb's Tongue, Bronze, For H5847 or H5812, Mill Finish, Forged. Request Quote.R & B Wagner, Inc. Company Profile | Milwaukee, WI | Competitors, Financials & Contacts - Dun & Bradstreet HOME / BUSINESS DIRECTORY / MANUFACTURING / FABRICATED METAL PRODUCT MANUFACTURING / OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCT MANUFACTURING / UNITED STATES / WISCONSIN / MILWAUKEE / R & B Wagner, Inc. R & B Wagner, Inc. WebsiteR&B Wagner makes one payment to a secured account to cover the total amount of taxes owed, and Avalara takes care of making individual payments. Streamlined document management Dave worked with R&B Wagner's dedicated Avalara account manager to set up CertCapture on online sales forms so customers could load their own exemption certificates.Aluminum Handrail & Railing Solutions. Aluminum handrail (non-weld pipe) is specifically designed to allow a railing installation to utilize all of the advantages of aluminum; where strength, durability and no-paint maintenance is a key factor. Wagner’s handrail solutions are made using the highest quality aluminum extrusions and castings and ...Wagner Stamped Steel 90 degree Elbow for 1-1/4" Pipe (1.66" Diameter) with a 1" Inside Radius. Best suited for welded applications. Plain, unfinished. Metal Elbows. Wagner’s metal elbows are available in a variety of finishes and materials to ensure you find an elbow that meets your needs. We produce formed and mandrel bent elbows that are for use with pipe, round and square tubing. Our metal elbows are available in various degree bends with some elbows featuring untrimmed tangents. R&B Wagner Inc/WI - Company Profile and News - Bloomberg Markets Bloomberg Anywhere Remote Login Software Updates Manage Products and Account Information Americas EMEA +44 20 7330 7500 Asia... Item #: 3426-NSH. Manufacturer : Wagner. | WRITE A REVIEW. Wagner Stamped Steel Handrail Bracket, Style B With a Projection of 3" From Wall To Center of Handrail With One 7/16" Mounting Hole, No Saddle Holes, Unfinished. Your Name: 'Your Name' is required. 'Your Name' can have only Characters.Wagner Stamped Steel Handrail Bracket Saddle for 1.50" to 2" Diameter handrail. 2-1/2" Long X 1" Wide X 12 Gauge With Two 1/4" Holes and one 3/8" Center Hole. Plain, unfinished. Handrail Fittings. Lamb's Tongues, Lateral Scrolls, volutes and other terminal end pieces for handrail. 61 Item (s) Show: Per Page Sort by: Previous | Next Page 1 of 4. Add To Compare. 11874. Beveled, Lamb's Tongue, Bronze, For H5847 or H5812, Mill Finish, Forged. Request Quote.Wall Mounted Handrail Brackets. Our wall mount handrail brackets are available in aluminum, steel and stainless steel, and come in a variety of finishes to meet the needs of your project. Brackets are available with one-, two- or three-hole mounting options. Snap-on covers can be purchased to cover mounting hardware for a cleaner look.View and Download Wagner Catalogs. Wagner Product Catalog. PanelGrip®/Legato TM /Level Lock™Railing Collection. ... ©2020 The Wagner Companies, R&B Wagner, Inc ...R & B Wagner, Inc. - Bantam™ Post Mount Luminaire Description: FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS Solid machined 316 stainless steel 116 lumens per watt LED (500mA) 70° beam spread @ 10° above nadir 5... Manufacturer: R & B Wagner, Inc. Feb 5, 2014 · Customer Service Administrative Clerk in Milwaukee, WI. 4.0. on February 5, 2014. R & B Wagner is an excellent company, having been employed there on two separate occasions. Management has given me opportunities to try and then succeed at new skills. New skills, such as learning to navigate through an entirely new computer system and learn ... We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Wagner Stamped Steel Side Outlet Elbow For 1-1/4" Pipe (1.66" Diameter) Best suited for welded applications. Plain, Unfinished ... ©2020 R&B Wagner, Inc. R & B Wagner, Inc. - Bantam™ Post Mount Luminaire Description: FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS Solid machined 316 stainless steel 116 lumens per watt LED (500mA) 70° beam spread @ 10° above nadir 5... Manufacturer: R & B Wagner, Inc. Richard Wagner Wagner in 1871, by Franz Hanfstaengl Born (1813-05-22) 22 May 1813 Leipzig Died 13 February 1883 (1883-02-13) (aged 69) Venice Works List of compositions Signature Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera ...Wagner Architectural architectural resources and product library including CAD Drawings, SPECS, BIM, brochures, videos and more free to view and download.Innovative Architectural Railing Systems. Our rail systems combine style and sophistication with quality and durability. We carry a range of contemporary metal railing systems for interior and exterior applications including: Glass Railing, Cable Railing and Illuminated Lighted Railing. View or download PDF documents regarding assembly, installation or product guide instructions for a wide range of products: Designing Handrail or Wood Railing with Cable Infill. Installing Brass & Stainless Tube Handrail. – Staircase Railing Installation Instructions. Bar & Foot Rail Installation.Wagner offers cable railing solutions that combine unmatched sightlines with a sleek design. Our Ultra-tec® cable railing systems are ideal for any indoor or outdoor applications with a variety of material and size choices to help you meet the requirements of your project. We use Invisiware® with our Ultra-tec cable railing system, designed ... ©2020 R&B Wagner, Inc. Our site is best viewed in Chrome or IE11+ ... Innovative Architectural Railing Systems. Our rail systems combine style and sophistication with quality and durability. We carry a range of contemporary metal railing systems for interior and exterior applications including: Glass Railing, Cable Railing and Illuminated Lighted Railing.About Us. Since our origin in 1850 the Wagner Companies has been dedicated and committed to creating and manufacturing innovative metal products for the fabricating industry in an atmosphere that is prosperous for our customers and employees. Our mission is to maintain the highest standard of quality and service, and continuously improve our ...1955 Adolph finds his capacity for invention as strong as ever. At the age of 59, he begins working on the products that R & B Wagner, Inc. is famous for today. With his basement as his workshop, he designs approximately 40 products – basic fittings, including two sizes of elbows, flanges and connectors. Long-lasting durability allows the Lumenrail lighting system to withstand high-traffic use, making it a perfect solution for any handrail configuration. Lumenrail linear products are available with a warm white or neutral white color temperature. Equipped with a 60-degree beam spread, the soft lighting provides enough illumination for safety ...
Wall Mounted Handrail Brackets. Our wall mount handrail brackets are available in aluminum, steel and stainless steel, and come in a variety of finishes to meet the needs of your project. Brackets are available with one-, two- or three-hole mounting options. Snap-on covers can be purchased to cover mounting hardware for a cleaner look. . 10 day weather for buffalo new york
3418: Handrail Bracket. Wagner Style B, Stamped Steel Handrail Bracket With a Projection of 2-1/2" From Wall To Center of Handrail with One 7/16" Mounting Hole. Plain, unfinished. 'Your Name' is required.In June 2023, some 5,000 Wagner fighters staged a mutiny. They occupied the southern Russian city of Rostov-on-Don and marched on Moscow, with the stated aim of ousting Gerasimov and Shoigu ...10 R & B Wagner jobs available on Indeed.com. Apply to Quality Technician, Customer Service Representative, Bender-a and more!Wagner offers Ultra-tec ® Cable Railing Systems with great sight lines and a sleek stainless steel design. These cable railings provide great aesthetics and flexibility in any setting – indoors or out – whether running horizontally or vertically. Each cable railings’ hardware components come in various sizes and material choices that are ...R & B Wagner is pleased to announce a new partnership for our industrial business unit with H.O. Keuper Inc. H.O. Keuper Inc. is a custom manufacturing representative company who has served the Midwest region for over 65 years. Operated by three sales representatives, the Wisconsin based company covers northern Illinois, northern Indiana, Iowa ...Building on a 165 year legacy, Wagner is an authority and industry leader in metal fabricating and architectural railings. Our expertise and engineering capabilities are sought after by architects and builders around the globe. More than just a manufacturer and worldwide supplier, our niche focus and local market knowledge enable us to innovate ...R & B Wagner. Architecture, Engineering & Design · Wisconsin, United States · 43 Employees. R & B Wagner Inc is a company that operates in the Architecture & Planning industry. It employs 21-50 people and has $5M-$10M of revenue. The company is headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Read More. View Company Info for FreeSep 3, 2020 · R&B Wagner determined the acquisition of ENPROCON's various assets would fit well with its manufacturing capabilities and drive further growth opportunities for R&B Wagner. "ENPROCON's ENDURALL brand is a perfect fit for who R&B Wagner is today and where we want to go in the future," said R&B Wagner's President, Michael Dover. R & B Wagner, Inc. - Bantam™ Post Mount Luminaire Description: FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS Solid machined 316 stainless steel 116 lumens per watt LED (500mA) 70° beam spread @ 10° above nadir 5... Manufacturer: R & B Wagner, Inc.10 R & B Wagner jobs available on Indeed.com. Apply to Quality Technician, Customer Service Representative, Bender-a and more! Wagner Stamped Steel, Single Splice-Lock, non-weld Splice connector For 1-1/4" Schedule 40 Pipe (1.66" Diameter With .140" Wall), Kit View or download PDF documents regarding assembly, installation or product guide instructions for a wide range of products: Designing Handrail or Wood Railing with Cable Infill. Installing Brass & Stainless Tube Handrail. – Staircase Railing Installation Instructions. Bar & Foot Rail Installation.R & B Wagner, Inc. - Bantam™ Post Mount Luminaire Description: FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS Solid machined 316 stainless steel 116 lumens per watt LED (500mA) 70° beam spread @ 10° above nadir 5... Manufacturer: R & B Wagner, Inc.10600 West Brown Deer Road Milwaukee, WI 53224 USA. Visit Our Corporate Site . Learn More About Wagner . © Copyright 2020 R & B Wagner, Inc. All rights reserved. Item #: 1703-2. Manufacturer : Wagner. | WRITE A REVIEW. Wagner Cast Ductile Iron Wall Mount Handrail Bracket, Style U, With a Projection of 2-1/2" From Wall To Center of Handrail, With Two Mounting Holes Clear for 1/4" Screws For Use With Flat or Round handrail, Unfinished. Your Name: 'Your Name' is required. 'Your Name' can have only Characters.Sep 3, 2020 · R&B Wagner determined the acquisition of ENPROCON's various assets would fit well with its manufacturing capabilities and drive further growth opportunities for R&B Wagner. "ENPROCON's ENDURALL brand is a perfect fit for who R&B Wagner is today and where we want to go in the future," said R&B Wagner's President, Michael Dover. R&B Wagner makes one payment to a secured account to cover the total amount of taxes owed, and Avalara takes care of making individual payments. Streamlined document management Dave worked with R&B Wagner's dedicated Avalara account manager to set up CertCapture on online sales forms so customers could load their own exemption certificates.View and Download Wagner Catalogs. Wagner Product Catalog. PanelGrip®/Legato TM /Level Lock™Railing Collection. ... ©2020 The Wagner Companies, R&B Wagner, Inc ... Long-lasting durability allows the Lumenrail lighting system to withstand high-traffic use, making it a perfect solution for any handrail configuration. Lumenrail linear products are available with a warm white or neutral white color temperature. Equipped with a 60-degree beam spread, the soft lighting provides enough illumination for safety ....